Orbital pseudotumor results in inflammation of the orbital soft tissues of unknown etiology and is often unilateral. Unlike thyroid ophthalmopathy, it involves the tendinous insertions of the extraocular muscles, and is usually painful.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome idiopathic inflammation of the orbital apex. Gadolinium contrast demonstrates increased enhancement along the left superior orbital fissure.

Mucoceles are cystic lesions occurring due to obstruction of the sinus ostium. Remodelling of the bony walls of the sinuses and orbits occurs, often resulting in proptosis. Usually hyperdense on CT and non-enhancing unless infected.

Optic nerve hematoma Post-traumatic hematoma of the optic nerve - hyperdensity on CT at the insertion of the optic nerve demonstrating acute hemorrhage. This finding results in acute monocular blindness and may require emergent surgical evacuation.